ʻO ka Mycoplasma pneumoniae kahi microorganism e kū ana ma waena o nā bacteria a me nā virus; ʻaʻohe ona paia cell akā he membrane cell, a hiki ke hana hou me ke kūʻokoʻa a hoʻouka a parasitize i loko o nā cell host. He liʻiliʻi ka genome o Mycoplasma pneumoniae, me kahi 1,000 mau genes wale nō. He loli nui ka Mycoplasma pneumoniae a hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hosts ma o ka recombination genetic a i ʻole mutation. Hoʻomalu nui ʻia ka Mycoplasma pneumoniae e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antibiotics macrolide, e like me azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, etc. No nā poʻe maʻi i kūʻē i kēia mau lāʻau, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā tetracyclines hou a i ʻole quinolones.
I kēia mau lā aku nei, ua mālama ke Komisina Ola Lahui i kahi hālāwai ninaninau e pili ana i ka pale ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā maʻi hanu i ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻolauna ana i ka laha ʻana o nā maʻi hanu a me nā hana pale i ka hoʻoilo ma Kina, a e pane ana i nā nīnau mai ka pāpāho. Ma ka hālāwai kūkā, ua ʻōlelo nā loea i kēia manawa, ua komo ʻo Kina i ke kau o ka nui o nā maʻi hanu, a ua hui pū ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano maʻi hanu like ʻole, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke olakino o kānaka. ʻO nā maʻi hanu e pili ana i ka mumū o ka membrane mucous o ke ala hanu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi pathogen a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻi ʻōpū hanu kiʻekiʻe, ka pneumonia, ka bronchitis, ka hānō a pēlā aku. Wahi a ka ʻikepili nānā ʻana o ke Komisina Ola Lahui a me ke Ola, ʻo nā pathogens o nā maʻi hanu ma Kina i hoʻomalu nui ʻia e nā virus influenza, me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā pathogens ʻē aʻe i nā hui makahiki like ʻole, no ka laʻana, aia pū kekahi rhinoviruses e hoʻoulu ai i ke anu maʻamau i nā keiki 1-4 makahiki; I loko o ka heluna kanaka o ka poʻe i piha i ka makahiki 5-14, ʻo nā maʻi Mycoplasma a me nā adenovirus e hoʻoulu ai i ke anu maʻamau he I loko o ka hui makahiki 5-14, ʻo nā maʻi Mycoplasma a me nā adenovirus e hoʻoulu ai i ke anu maʻamau no kahi hapa o ka heluna kanaka; i ka hui makahiki 15-59, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā rhinovirus a me nā neocoronavirus; a i ka hui makahiki 60+, aia nā hapa nui o ka parapneumovirus kanaka a me ka coronavirus maʻamau.
ʻO nā maʻi influenza he mau maʻi RNA kaula maikaʻi, i loaʻa i ʻekolu ʻano, ʻano A, ʻano B a me ke ʻano C. Loaʻa i nā maʻi influenza A kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka loli a hiki ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi ahulau influenza. ʻO ka genome o ka maʻi influenza he ʻewalu mau ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia e hoʻopili ana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau protein. Hoʻololi nā maʻi influenza ma nā ʻano nui ʻelua, ʻo kekahi ka antigenic drift, kahi e hana ai nā loli i loko o nā genes viral, e hopena ana i nā loli antigenic i ka hemagglutinin (HA) a me neuraminidase (NA) ma luna o ka maʻi; ʻo kekahi ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o ka antigenic, kahi e alakaʻi ai ka maʻi like ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā maʻi influenza i loko o ka cell host hoʻokahi i ka hui hou ʻana o nā ʻāpana gene viral, e hopena ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano hou. Hoʻokele nui ʻia nā maʻi influenza e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa neuraminidase, e like me oseltamivir a me zanamivir, a i nā poʻe maʻi maʻi nui, pono pū ka lāʻau kākoʻo hōʻailona a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia.
ʻO Neocoronavirus kahi maʻi RNA kaula hoʻokahi maikaʻi-manaʻo no ka ʻohana Coronaviridae, nona nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi ʻehā, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo α, β, γ, a me δ. Hoʻopilikia nui nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi α a me β i nā mammals, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi γ a me δ e hoʻopilikia nui i nā manu. ʻO ka genome o neocoronavirus he kiʻikuhi heluhelu hāmama lōʻihi e hoʻopili ana i 16 mau protein non-structural a me ʻehā mau protein structural, ʻo ia hoʻi ka protein membrane (M), hemagglutinin (S), nucleoprotein (N) a me ka protein enzyme (E). ʻO nā loli o Neocoronaviruses ma muli o nā hewa i ka hana hou ʻana o ka viral a i ʻole ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā genes exogenous, e alakaʻi ana i nā loli i nā moʻo gene viral, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka transmissibility viral, pathogenicity a me ka hiki ke pakele i ka pale ʻana. Hoʻokele nui ʻia nā Neocoronaviruses e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antiviral e like me ridecivir a me lopinavir/ritonavir, a i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, pono pū ka lāʻau kākoʻo symptomatic a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia.
ʻO nā ala nui e kaohi ai i nā maʻi hanu penei:
Ka pale ʻana. ʻO nā pale ka mea kūpono loa e pale aku ai i nā maʻi lele a hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke kino e hana i ka palekana kūʻē i nā pathogens. I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā Kina nā ʻano pale like ʻole no nā maʻi hanu, e like me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi influenza, ka pale ʻana i ka lei aliʻi hou, ka pale ʻana i ka pneumococcal, ka pale ʻana i ka pertussis, a pēlā aku. Manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa i ka poʻe kūpono ka pale ʻana i ka manawa kūpono, ʻoiai ka poʻe ʻelemakule, nā maʻi me nā maʻi ma lalo, nā keiki a me nā heluna koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe.
E mālama i nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino maikaʻi. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā maʻi hanu ma o nā kulu a me ka hoʻopā ʻana, no laila he mea nui e hōʻemi i ka laha ʻana o nā pathogens ma ka holoi pinepine ʻana i kou mau lima, e uhi ana i kou waha a me kou ihu me kahi ʻiʻo pepa a kuʻekuʻe paha i ka wā e ʻū ana a ʻū ana paha, ʻaʻole e kuha, a ʻaʻole e kaʻana like i nā mea hana.
E pale i nā wahi i piha i nā kānaka a me nā wahi i nele i ka ea. ʻO nā wahi i piha i nā kānaka a me nā wahi i nele i ka ea he mau wahi pilikia nui ia no nā maʻi hanu a he maʻalahi hoʻi i ka maʻi kea o nā pathogens. No laila, he mea nui e hōʻemi i nā kipa ʻana i kēia mau wahi, a inā pono ʻoe e hele, e ʻaʻahu i ka pale maka a mālama i kahi mamao kaiapili e pale aku ai i ka launa pū ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻoikaika i ke kūpaʻa o ke kino. ʻO ke kūpaʻa o ke kino ka laina mua o ka pale ʻana i nā pathogens. He mea nui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana o ke kino a hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi ma o ka ʻai kūpono, ka hoʻoikaika kino kūpono, ka hiamoe kūpono, a me ke kūlana noʻonoʻo maikaʻi.
E makaʻala e hoʻomehana. Haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ka hoʻoilo, a hiki i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ke anu ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka hana pale o ka mucosa hanu, e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā pathogens. No laila, e makaʻala e hoʻomehana, e ʻaʻahu i nā lole kūpono, e pale i ke anu a me ka maʻi flu, e hoʻoponopono i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa o loko i ka manawa kūpono, a mālama i ka ea o loko.
E ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau i ka manawa kūpono. Inā loaʻa nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi hanu e like me ke kuni, ka ʻū, ka ʻāʻī ʻeha a me ka paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana, pono ʻoe e hele i kahi keʻena lapaʻau maʻamau i ka manawa kūpono, e nānā a mālama i ka maʻi e like me nā kuhikuhi a ke kauka, a mai lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau iā ʻoe iho a i ʻole e hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kōkua lapaʻau. I ka manawa like, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo pono i kāu kauka i kou mōʻaukala epidemiological a me ka hōʻike ʻana, a e hana pū me ia i nā noiʻi epidemiological a me nā hoʻonohonoho epidemiological e pale aku i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-15-2023