ʻO ka Mycoplasma pneumoniae he microorganism i waena ma waena o nā maʻi bacteria a me nā maʻi maʻi; ʻAʻohe ona pā hale akā he membrane cell kona, a hiki ke hana hou me ka ʻokoʻa a i ʻole ke komo ʻana a me ka parasitize i loko o nā cell host. He liʻiliʻi ka genome o Mycoplasma pneumoniae, me 1,000 mau genes wale nō. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka Mycoplasma pneumoniae a hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kaiapuni like ʻole a me nā host ma o ka hoʻohui hou ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Mycoplasma pneumoniae e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antibiotic macrolide, e like me azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
I kēia mau lā, ua mālama ka National Health Commission i kahi hālāwai kūkā e pili ana i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hanu i ka hoʻoilo, e hōʻike ana i ka prevalence o nā maʻi hanu a me nā hana pale i ka hoʻoilo ma Kina, a me ka pane ʻana i nā nīnau mai ka media. Ma ka ʻaha kūkā, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea i kēia manawa, ua komo ʻo Kina i ke kau o ka nui o nā maʻi hanu, a ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻano maʻi hanu a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke olakino o nā kānaka. ʻO nā maʻi hanu e pili ana i ka mumū o ka mucous membrane o ka ʻōpū hanu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi pathogen a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka maʻi o ka ʻōpū hanu kiʻekiʻe, pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma a pēlā aku. Wahi a ka ʻikepili ka nānā ʻana o ka National Health and Health Commission, ʻo nā pathogens o nā maʻi hanu ma Kina ka mea nui i ka maʻi influenza, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pathogens ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki like ʻole, no ka laʻana, aia kekahi mau rhinoviruses e hoʻoulu ai i ke anu maʻamau. i na keiki 1-4 makahiki; i loko o ka heluna kanaka o ka makahiki 5-14 makahiki, Mycoplasma maʻi a me adenoviruses kumu maʻamau anu loaʻa I ka 5-14 makahiki pūʻulu, Mycoplasma maʻi a me adenoviruses e kumu i ka helu anu maʻamau no kekahi hapa o ka heluna kanaka; i nā makahiki 15-59, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā rhinoviruses a me nā neocoronaviruses; a i loko o ka 60+ mau makahiki, aia nā ʻāpana nui o ka parapneumovirus kanaka a me ka coronavirus maʻamau.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi influenza he mau maʻi maʻi RNA maikaʻi, e hele mai ana i ʻekolu ʻano, ʻano A, ʻano B a me ke ʻano C. He kiʻekiʻe ka loli ʻana o nā maʻi Influenza A a hiki ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi maʻi influenza. ʻO ka genome o ka maʻi influenza he ʻewalu mau ʻāpana, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻopili ai i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā protein. Hoʻololi ʻia nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ma nā ʻano nui ʻelua, ʻo kekahi he antigenic drift, kahi e hiki ai nā hoʻololi ʻana i nā genes viral, ka hopena i nā hoʻololi antigenic i ka hemagglutinin (HA) a me ka neuraminidase (NA) ma ka ʻili o ka maʻi; ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe he antigenic rearrangement, kahi maʻi like ʻole o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā maʻi maʻi influenza i loko o ka cell host hoʻokahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hui hou ʻana o nā ʻāpana gene viral, ka hopena i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā subtypes hou. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā maʻi maʻi influenza e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā neuraminidase inhibitors, e like me ka oseltamivir a me zanamivir, a i nā maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi, koi pū ʻia ka hōʻailona kākoʻo a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia.
ʻO ka Neocoronavirus kahi maʻi maʻi RNA stranded positive-sense no ka ʻohana Coronaviridae, nona nā ʻohana ʻehā, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo α, β, γ, a me δ. Hoʻopilikia mua nā ʻohana α a me β i nā mammals, ʻoiai nā subfamilies γ a me δ e hoʻopilikia nui i nā manu. ʻO ka genome o neocoronavirus he papa heluhelu wehe lōʻihi e hoʻopili ana i 16 non-structural a me ʻehā structural proteins, ʻo ia hoʻi ka protein membrane (M), hemagglutinin (S), nucleoprotein (N) a me ka protein enzyme (E). ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā Neocoronaviruses ma muli o nā hewa i ka hoʻopiʻi viral a i ʻole ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā genes exogenous, e alakaʻi ana i nā loli i nā ʻano gene viral, e pili ana i ka hoʻoili viral, pathogenicity a me ka hiki ke pakele. Hoʻokele nui ʻia nā Neocoronavirus e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antiviral e like me ridecivir a me lopinavir/ritonavir, a i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, koi ʻia ka hōʻailona kākoʻo a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi.
ʻO nā ala nui e mālama ai i nā maʻi hanu e like me kēia:
Hoʻopaʻa kino. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea maikaʻi loa e pale ai i nā maʻi maʻi a hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke kino e hana i ka pale ʻana i nā pathogens. I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā Kina nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi hanu, e like me ka maʻi maʻi influenza, ka maʻi lei aliʻi hou, ka maʻi pneumococcal, ka maʻi pertussis, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā maʻi, nā keiki a me nā lāhui nui ʻē aʻe.
E mālama i nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino maikaʻi. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā maʻi hanu e nā kulu a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, no laila he mea nui e hōʻemi i ka laha ʻana o nā pathogens ma o ka holoi mau ʻana i kou mau lima, uhi i kou waha a me ka ihu me ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole ke kuʻekuʻe ʻana i ka wā e ʻuhu ai a kiʻi ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole kuha, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e kaʻana like i nā ipu.
Hōʻalo i nā wahi lehulehu a maikaʻi ʻole ka makani. ʻO nā wahi ākea a maikaʻi ʻole ka makani he mau wahi pilikia nui ia no nā maʻi hanu a hiki i ka maʻi maʻi o nā pathogens. No laila, he mea nui e hōʻemi i nā kipa ʻana i kēia mau wahi, a inā pono ʻoe e hele, e ʻaʻahu i ka mask a mālama i kahi mamao pili i mea e pale aku ai i ka pilina pili me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa kino. ʻO ke kūpaʻa kino ka lālani mua o ka pale ʻana i nā pathogens. He mea nui ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana o ke kino a hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi ma o ka ʻai kūpono, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hiamoe kūpono, a me ka noʻonoʻo maikaʻi.
E mālama pono i ka mahana. He haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ka hoʻoilo, a hiki i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke anuanu ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka hana immune o ka mucosa hanu, e maʻalahi ai ke komo ʻana o nā pathogens. No laila, e mālama pono i ka mahana, e ʻaʻahu i nā lole kūpono, e pale i ke anu a me ka maʻi maʻi, e hoʻoponopono pono i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa o loko, a mālama i ka ea o loko.
E ʻimi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa. Inā loaʻa nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi hanu e like me ke kuni, ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻeha ʻeha a me ka pilikia o ka hanu ʻana, pono ʻoe e hele i kahi keʻena lapaʻau maʻamau i ka manawa, e ʻike a mālama i ka maʻi e like me ke kuhikuhi a ke kauka, a mai lawe ʻoe i ka lāʻau ma kāu iho a i ʻole. hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. I ka manawa like, pono ʻoe e haʻi ʻoiaʻiʻo i kāu kauka i kāu moʻolelo epidemiological a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana, a hui pū me ia i nā noiʻi epidemiological a me nā ʻano epidemiological e pale ai i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-15-2023